BGP - Border Gateway Protocol

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. Most Internet users do not use BGP directly. However, since most Internet service providers must use BGP to establish routing between one another (especially if they are multihomed), it is one of the most important protocols of the Internet. BGP makes routing decisions based on path, network policies and/or rulesets.

Very large private IP networks use BGP internally, however. An example would be the joining of a number of large Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) networks where OSPF by itself would not scale to size. Another reason to use BGP is multihoming a network for better redundancy either to a multiple access points of a single ISP (RFC 1998) or to multiple ISPs.

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BGP Attributes

BGP attributes are metrics that describe characteristics of routed prefixes in a BGP path. They are used to shape routing policy. For example, some of the attributes can be used in combination to equalize the distribution of inbound and outbound traffic among available multiple paths while fine-tuning routing for load balancing.

BGP Policies and Traffic Engineering

BGP provides mechanisms for policy-based routing, which enables BGP routers to rank routes and control information redistribution according to their administrator's preference. BGP carries out policy routing by filtering certain routes.